22 February 2011

From the Makaroro

I've found it hard to concentrate on finishing this post in light of the Christchurch earthquake tragedy. Fortunately, I know most of my friends are ok, but I think of all those who still wait for word and, particularly, those for whom their worst fears have been realised.
But maybe reading about something enjoyable might provide some relief. In early January I did a three night trip into the north-eastern Ruahine range with two friends: this is what it was like.
Robb manages a smile despite the pain of a twisted ankle 
On Parks Peak Ridge I stop to wait for John and Robb, propping up my pack in the partial shade of the low, gnarled elfin forest and leaning back against it. I take off my boots and socks and enjoy the feel of moss and stones and twigs underfoot, the wind cooling my feet as I relax and look down the track in the hard, flat light of the middle of the day. A tiny fly lands on my hand. Brilliant! It’s an acrocerid, one of those bizarre flies one might encounter in some weird, distorted dream, yet here it is, clinging to my finger, staggering slightly, seemingly uncoordinated, as if conscious of its own strangeness. These flies parasitise spiders, laying countless eggs that hatch into larvae that somehow find a spider, burrow inside and eat it alive. We know little more than that. In Europe the Large Hadron Collider seems poised to disclose some of the most profound knowledge about the very nature of existence, yet this tiny creature wobbling on my finger remains mostly a mystery.

With its tiny head and bulbous body it reminds me of a Larson cartoon. Other acrocerids seem even more like the product of an industrial accident, with hugely distorted bodies that look as if someone's attached the head in the wrong place, and with brighter colours — Still a long way to gothis one seems boringly black, although at least shiny. I'm reminded of another bizarre group of flies, the pipunculids, which have enormously enlarged heads, and I can't help thinking god must have had a bad day when assembling these two families — "Oops, wrong head for the pipunculids; oh well, I'll just fit the other head to the acrocerids." 

I photograph it, wishing I had the macro gear but not regretting the saving in weight. I'd thought about bringing the 300 mm, too, but the thought of an extra kilo and a quarter in the pack made that decision easy. Later, further along the track a pair of popokatea (whiteheads) follow me a short way, flitting close by and offering what would have been the best opportunity I've ever had for photographs. No use with the short zoom, though, so I just enjoy watching them for a little while. Perhaps they have a nest nearby? They certainly seem to pay me more attention than usual. I move on, not disappointed at being unable to photograph them: my pack's a comfortable weight and I've been able to see the little birds differently, to pay attention to the birds rather than the potential photograph.

...

At Parks Peak hut I sleep outside with the bivvy bag open enough to see the sky. Without contact lenses I can't see the stars clearly, but still enough to see they cover the whole wide, wild, limitless sky, and I drift into sleep thinking about vastness and immensity, our own utter insignificance and the likelihood I'll never know just how alone we truly are. If we knew without doubt we were utterly alone in our universe, that no other sentient or even complex life shared the cosmos with us, would we treat our world with greater respect? A world full of wondersWould we truly treasure it at last, knowing these wild forests and the largely unknown inhabitants of our oceans, the countless unnamed insects and all these species vanishing at an enormously accelerated rate have no counterpart on any planet circling any of those billions and billions of stars looking down on me right now? Would the knowledge we have nowhere to escape to frighten us into taking better care of our home?

I doubt it. Thoughts like this seem beyond the ability of many of those whose primary concerns focus on the accumulation of financial wealth, material possessions and status — the most luxurious car, the largest home theatre, an obscene salary  — while too many others struggle simply to stay alive, to find makeshift shelter and enough to eat, leaving no time for these thoughts; for these people, what's important contracts into no further than the next day and the immediate surroundings.

Besides, even if other complex life does exist somewhere out there, we're unlikely ever to be able to reach it (or it us); more to the point, the knowledge should make no difference — surely we should act as if our planet and all its inhabitants are truly unique?

Perhaps, too, the idea that our existence is so precarious frightens many of us into denial? Maybe that's what I'm doing, as I put aside these thoughts and relax into enjoying what I still have, drifting off with the stars overhead, the quiet breeze through snowgrass, the cool night air on my face. I wake often but drop straight back to sleep, comfortable, contented, wishing for nothing other than simply to be here. Shortly before retiring for the night I'd seen a shooting star, and in one of those harmless, possibly even beneficial acts of superstition, made a wish on it — a wish on behalf of someone else because I realised I wished for nothing more than to be where I was.

...

In the morning the bivvy bag's drenched with dew. I walk quietly past Robb's tent, into the elfin forest and along to the top of the track leading down to Upper Makaroro hut. There, last evening, we'd relaxed and watched the kind of sunset for which words always seem inadequate. We'd identified a few features on the main range, listened to the little miromiro singing, watched colour creep across the sky and dusk fill the valley, sipped a little whisky, yarned and photographed. Now the morning sky holds little of the evening’s spectacular Good company on a great eveningcolour but white cloud lies like a ragged duvet along the main range and the  near-silhouettes of the ridges and valleys recede in that gorgeous atmospheric perspective that never fails to arrest me. I look towards Ruahine Corner, imagine the long walk there and wonder how it might have changed since my last visit, too many years ago. Then, the hut had been commandeered by hunters who'd helicoptered in with fourteen dozen cans of beer, a twelve pack of toilet rolls and an expectation of ownership. They'd eventually mellowed until even the old grumpy one talked to us in sentences of more than a single grunt, but they never offered us a beer, and we camped out that night, well away from the hut — a good decision, as even from a hundred metres I could hear snoring like the borborygmus of some subterranean god. What a difference to be tramping with Robb and John, for whom the Ruahine represents a place for renewal and appreciation, a place to be respected, a place important in itself. In contrast, the hunters had seemed to treat Ruahine Corner as a playground, an opportunity to get away from the wife, somewhere to be used; as a place to shoot at things and get wasted (in that order, I hoped, but couldn't guarantee — hence our rapid departure the next day).

But not all hunters treat the Ruahine like those four. On that same trip we'd met two hunters at Upper Makaroro hut; we'd arrived first so began making room for them. No worries, they'd said, we've got a tent, we'll camp by the river. They did, and by daybreak they'd packed and gone, keen to make the most of their hunting time. They'd walked up the river, too — no easy flight in for them.

As the sun begins to bleach the subtle colour from the day, I return and rearrange the bivvy bag to dry, eat breakfast and chat with Robb and John. The party of four who’d stayed in the hut last night set off down Parks Peak Ridge on the last leg of their trip. We, on the other hand, head further in, down the track to Upper Makaroro, and in the quiet of the early morning I fall quickly into the rhythm of the steep descent. Time passes easily in this state; thoughts wander; memories rise up and meander, one leading another out from who knows where; focus drifts from the next few steps to glimpses of the valley through the beeches and back to the next few steps. Who else might arrive at Upper Makaroro today? Who might even now be leaving, perhaps starting up the track towards us?

But I meet no one, and when I arrive the hut's empty and clean. I relax for a while, collect water from the river, get cleaned up. Surprisingly, the sandflies seem to be on holiday too, even at the river's edge where they're usually annoying. Back at the hut there's nothing to do but wait and relax. If I had a cooker I'd put a brew on for the others, but Robb's carrying it — two, actually. No wonder his pack's so heavy.

Shortly after Robb and John arrive they head down to the river. A minute or two later an enormous bellow of delight fills the valley as Robb plunges in. Everything about him seems larger than life and here in the Ruahine he’s particularly energised; in contrast, John’s delight seems more restrained but none the lesser, with a serenity and humour that reminds me of an old Chinese sage. These two have shared many Ruahine journeys and complement each other so well that I could easily feel like the odd one out. Yet I don't; I feel welcomed, included, part of the friendship. Tramping alone, as I mostly do, has rewards not attainable in any other way, but the pleasures of good company in wild places can be no less satisfying. Solitude allows a degree of contemplation not possible in even the best of company, but it also denies one the opportunity for enlightening or entertaining discussions, and anyone who's ever lain back on a remote mountainside and looked over range upon range of mountains receding to the blue horizon knows what it means to share that with a great friend. In those situations words seldom add anything worthwhile — the understanding communicates itself. Evening in the Makaroro, from Parks Peak.A life lacking either solitude or companionship seems like a life denied its full range of joys. The two can't co-exist in the same place and time — solitude can't be shared — yet each seems energised by the possibility of the other. Tramping alone seems richer because I've tramped with wonderful people, and my solitary journeys will feel richer for having wandered here with John and Robb.

In the afternoon we leave our packs at the hut and explore up the river. Robb's heard rumours about a waterfall, so we wade the cool water, skip from rock to rock along the bouldery beaches, sometimes take shortcuts across terraces dense with toetoe, and peer into deep, clear pools where good-sized trout cruise, lazy and sleek until they see us and speed into the cover of an overhanging bank or deep shadow. As far as I can tell, they’re all rainbows, their colours clear through a metre or more of water. Suddenly I hear Robb call out and I turn, alarmed until I realise he's so excited he can hardly get the words out properly — he's seen a whio, startled, bursting up from the water and disappearing up the river. John catches a glimpse of it but by the time I turn back the bird's gone. No matter; I'm glad the others have seen it, glad they can confirm at least one lives on this stretch of the river.

We walk on, crossing and recrossing until we come to a fork in the river. A line of rocks looks deliberately arranged as a pointer, although it lacks the arrowhead. It seems to indicate the larger of the two branches, so we head that way and argue about how many more bends in the river to negotiate before turning back. Then we strike the inevitable problem of deciding what constitutes a bend in the river. What a joy to have nothing more important to contest.

In fact, we haven't even finished exploring the concept of a bend before we hear a faint rumbling. Robb stops and looks at us.
"That sounds promising," he says.
We push on and the sound grows louder. The river narrows into a tight, slightly eerie little gorge which we wade through, the roar of the falls now unmistakeable. At the far end the gorge widens slightly into a kind of small amphitheatre with the cliff on the true right curving overhead so we're almost in a kind of cave, and there, just around the corner, the waterfall plunges into a deep pool. Robb dives in, finding it shallower than he'd expected; John photographs him then follows him in. I pick up Robb's camera to grab a few more photos, but the battery's exhausted. I've left my camera at the hut and again I don't regret it — one less worry, and I'm loving the freedom of walking with just the Leki poles.

Back at the fork, John and I look down at the line of rocks. Maybe it indicates the distance to the falls, he suggests, with each rock indicating a bend in the river. I point out there seem to be many more rocks than bends, to which he replies that maybe the big rocks represent large bends and the small rocks represent small bends. I compliment him on his ability to bend the evidence to fit his theory, and he grins.
"I've worked for years in a bureaucracy," he says.

Back at the hut the Glenmorangie comes out. A karearea calls several times from upriver and I point out the sound to John, but the bird doesn't appear. We talk about everything from politics to forensic entomology, the right temperature to brew teas and the entertaining but distinctly un-Christian language of one of the Christians at Parks Peak when he'd tripped on an unlaced boot that morning (only a momentary lapse, but we found it difficult to avoid laughing uncharitably at the recollection). All in all, not a bad day.

...

The next day we walk and wade the Makaroro down to Barlow hut. While well built and comfortable, Barlow lacks the character of Upper Makaroro, and even the new Parks Peak hut, although much of the difference might arise from location. Parks Peak and Upper Makaroro sit in wonderful locations — the former among the elfin beech forest, the latter a good day's walk from any road and close to this beautiful river — but Barlow's only a couple of hours from the carpark and already the signs of modification by humans have begun to grate. The promise of a good dayHere, too much buddleia crowds the banks and islands and the riverbed's beginning to broaden, to lose some of its wildness as if preparing itself for the farmland. Huts this close to a road suffer from too many visits by people intent on partying where they think they won't be interrupted by any authority, or by people who lack experience not just in tramping but in the etiquette of looking after huts. Sure enough, when we get to Barlow we find the floor unswept, bottles on benches, an unwashed pot on the cooker and an opened packet of bhuja mix propped on a bench, but no sign of anyone still around — no sleeping bag or gear or food bag. I’ve seen much worse, but the place needs a good clean. I take the pots and a water bottle to the river, wash the dirty pot, fill everything with water and return to find John sweeping the floor and tidying. The hut and its location lack the character and wildness of the upper reaches of the river, but the wildness in those upper reaches has come at a cost. Robb's sprained ankle, sustained when a boulder had given way and he'd ended up on his back in the riverbed, has begun to stiffen and it hurts when he puts weight on it. I sense he's uneasy about the walk out to the car tomorrow. John hasn't got off lightly either; partway down the river he'd turned to me and remarked on how lovely the river was — how clean, how the boulders were largely free of algae and therefore how good it was to be able to walk freely without having to test every boulder. A minute or two later, while wading shin deep along the edge of a pool, he'd slipped and I'd seen his knee smash hard into the rough rock of the bank. I feared the worst — an impact like that would surely have caused substantial damage — but after a moment or two he'd recovered his composure and carried on. It bled and swelled up but I never heard him mention it, except when I enquired and he shrugged it off, merely acknowledging it was "a bit swollen".

...

In the morning we redistribute our loads and John and I give Robb a headstart while we clean and tidy the hut. By the time we catch up with him I'm feeling relieved because he's made good time down the river, despite limping on a painful ankle. As we pass the foot of Colenso Spur I remember my first trip here, when I'd become caught up in a search for a missing tramper. For four days I'd met search parties and helped out with information, marking boot prints (none, as it turned out, belonging to the missing tramper) and thinking of possible scenarios that might be worth checking. On the last day I'd met two searchers and helped set up a temporary radio mast on Parks Peak Ridge. They offered me a lift out — too tempting, so they winched me up into the Iroquois and flew me down to the base. In the afternoon I went back up in the Iroquois as a spotter and as we began searching in earnest after winching down a dog and handler, I caught a glimpse of something red in a steep, narrow side stream. We'd found the tramper, but by then it was too late.

Could that happen to me, or to Robb or John, on a solo trip? Of course, but with reasonable precautions and the right attitude, tramping alone might be safer than driving — at least one doesn't risk disastrous consequences arising from someone else's bad decisions. But now we walk together, down this wide riverbed in perfect tramping weather — mild, just cloudy enough to shield us from the worst of the sun — with the river crossings no more than shin deep and refreshing. We walk together, adding to our own histories, creating a shared history, becoming part of the history of this place.  If we can know a place, at least to some degree, what might a place know of us, at least to some degree — and how might this place remember us?
 
Contemplating

Photos:
1.  Robb, still smiling despite the pain of ankle sprained on the way down the river.
2.  The track along Parks Peak Ridge, near the junction with the track down to Barlow hut.
3.  The acrocerid. Location near photo (2).
4. Robb and John enjoy a wee dram and a joke.
5. Elfin beech above the Makaroro valley; evening of the first day.
6. Sunset over Parks Peak Ridge on the first evening.
7. John contemplates the sunset (or something) on the first evening.


Photos and original text © 2011 Pete McGregor

22 December 2010

The lives of magpies and others

Birdling's Flat, Canterbury, Aotearoa; March 2008

A magpie flies low and fast across the paddock, through the early morning sunlight, crosses close to the verandah and disappears. I don’t know where it lands, but I can hear the harsh, demanding call of its youngster somewhere nearby. Those magpies have invested a lot in that lanky, scruffy kid. For weeks now the family’s been foraging in the front paddock, and before that the parents would have been feeding the chick in the nest; before that, incubating; before that, nest-building. What else do they do with their lives? When do they finally push the youngster away — when they’re about to start the process all over again?

Is that all there is to a magpie’s life? The irresistible imperative to reproduce, to replace itself? To what extent might it be said that a magpie thinks, rather than responds to some kind of inchoate urge — the wordless voice that says this is what I must do, feed the child, protect it, ensure its survival until it, too, might reproduce?

A month or so ago I walked down the short distance down the road to Tokeawa Stream. I counted the crushed remains of three fledgling magpies on the tarmac, and the enormity of what those flattened forms represented struck me hard. All that effort, wasted. All that potential, gone — none of those three would ever know the joy of harassing hawks (I anthropomorphise, I admit); none would ever know the delicious warmth of morning sun after a cold winter’s night, the brief ecstasy of mating, the appeasement of that urge to raise one’s own young.

In a sense, though, those deaths were necessary, or the world would be overrun by magpies. Still, ... I wonder... One can argue whether what’s good for the many outweighs what’s good for the one, but what’s irrefutable is that the two are sometimes irreconcilable.

I sit here, writing at the kitchen table, thinking about magpies and the lives of animals. A kahu flies with slow wingbeats over the corner of the paddock; the early, warm sun lights its body and the underside of its wings. Pohangina Valley, December 2010 A pale, faded blue sky behind; the tough, sparsely-leafed branches of the lacebark below. A tui sprints across in the other direction, fast and noisy, and two swallows swoop and jink close to the house. Several starling families forage in the thin paddock where the wiry seedheads of ryegrass and the bolting Californian thistle patch signify the arrival of summer. The starlings move restlessly with that typical jerky movement and those sudden changes of direction as if they’re constantly distracted by another morsel: that one, just over there — or maybe there! Like magpies, their young have calls that could hardly be described as complex, let alone melodious, and I wonder whether all young birds have that same characteristic — they need only one call: “Feed me!” — and whether or to what extent they learn their adult songs or discover their ability to sing. Moreover, to what extent are these birds, or any animal for that matter, aware of their own imperatives beyond the urge to answer them?
 
I wonder — perhaps the characteristic that most sets we humans apart from all other animals is the awareness of our own thoughts, which in turn enables us to wonder. If so, perhaps Salman Rushdie got it right when he argued that doubt is a central condition of human beings, and perhaps conviction and self-assurance might not be the virtues they’re so often claimed to be.
 
I wonder about awareness in the lives of magpies and others.
 
I wonder — is it a blessing or a curse?

 
Photos and original text © 2010 Pete McGregor

27 November 2010

Let us bring them home

Elsewhere on the West Coast. Typical country, typical weather.

Last Friday evening as I was driving to meet friends, the radio reported an explosion at the Pike River coal mine on the West Coast. While the news seemed disturbing I didn’t comprehend its significance — after all, mining accidents on any substantial scale didn’t happen in New Zealand, they happened in China or other countries with lax industrial safety, didn’t they? Even when I heard twenty-nine miners hadn’t returned to the surface, I didn’t imagine what would eventuate over the next week. Rescuers would locate the miners and bring them out, I thought, and all would be well except for the inevitable inquiries and politicking.

Now we know. Now we know the outcome was the worst of all outcomes. Now we know twenty-nine men will never again walk in the sun, never again see their children, their partners, their friends; never again yarn at the pub over a beer, never again walk in the bush or fish in the rivers, never again see the evening sun light up the great peaks of the Southern Alps. I still find it hard to believe, and although I have no direct or even lateral connection with the community to which those twenty-nine miners belong, I still feel something of the enormity of the loss. I’m suspicious of large-scale grieving, which seems to me too often to feed on itself and generate an outwelling of emotion at least partly independent of its ostensible reason, yet what I feel seems to be grief — nothing remotely as agonising as that felt by the families and friends of those miners, of course, but grief nevertheless.

The first explosion happened on the Friday afternoon. The following Wednesday I walked up the No. 1 Line track, through the bush to the lookout. The sun shone, a mild breeze rustled through the scrub, a few blowflies droned between sunlit perches. Fire Other small insects darted or fumbled about and a riroriro sang from further down the track. I thought of the miners trapped several kilometres underground in the dark and sweltering heat, and I hoped they’d managed to find air somewhere, enough to keep them going. But the thought seemed desperate. That morning I’d heard how the rescuers had drilled through into the mine and the gases they’d found had been mostly methane and carbon monoxide, with little oxygen. I think I realised then that the optimism I’d been feeling was mere hope and nothing more. The mine, apparently, was still smouldering, consuming oxygen, generating carbon monoxide, waiting until the methane built up so it could ignite another explosion. I thought of what it must be like down there and it seemed like Hell.

As I made my way down the track I kept thinking not just of the twenty-nine miners, but the mine itself. In my imagination it seemed alive; it had taken on a kind of personality — sinister, not to be trusted, uncontrollable. Malevolent. These miners are mine, it seemed to be saying; I will not give them up, I will not let you in.

Ill-formed images arose, perhaps from the previous night’s dreams, perhaps from the shadowlands between sleeping and waking when I’d turned the radio on and drifted in and out of dark dreams while news bulletins repeated the latest news from the mine, over and over and over. Now I picked my way down the steep track, through a patchwork of shade and sunlight; I looked out over the blue-hazed rolling hills of the Manawatu and Rangitikei and the thought of those men trapped inside a mountain seemed a contrast too great to comprehend. A week earlier, some of them might have enjoyed the same kind of freedom I was enjoying now.

Back home later in the afternoon, I switched on the TV. Breaking news, it said. Second explosion at mine. Then — All hope gone. I sat on the sofa and watched and listened while the reporters repeated everything in detail, trying to find something additional, but there was nothing more to say of any significance. The twenty-nine miners were gone and now nothing could bring them back.

But the mine hadn’t finished. Yesterday a minute’s silence was to have been observed at 3:44 p.m., exactly one week since the first explosion that trapped the miners. In what seemed an act of malevolence, the mine exploded again yesterday — a smaller explosion than the first two, but the timing seemed to be the work of something sentient. The third explosion tore through the mine just five minutes before the observance, at 3:39 p.m.

I felt like standing in front of the mine and pleading with it. Saying, “You've hurt us enough. Please — let us bring them home.”


Photos (please note these have no direct connection with Pike River):
1. The Mungo Valley on the West Coast of the South Island. Typical country, typical weather.
2. After the big slip in Te Awaoteatua Stream almost a year ago, someone decided to burn the piles of logs and fallen trees. I don’t know why they just weren't left to rot down, although I suspect it had something to do with the kiwi bloke's common desire to set a match to anything considered marginally untidy. A relic of pioneering days, perhaps? Whatever the reason, after the initial conflagration the remains smouldered for days. 

Photos and original text © 2010 Pete McGregor

31 October 2010

Eardrum of a lion


A few days ago I finished reading Colin Thubron’s Behind the Wall for the second time, and began re-reading Bruce Chatwin’s In Patagonia. Yesterday, in one of those peculiar coincidences that leave one wondering whether synchronicity amounts to more than mere peculiar coincidence, I came across William Dalrymple’s review of Under the sun: the letters of Bruce Chatwin. Fascinated, and drawn in by Dalrymple’s excellent writing, I read the whole thing and noted several passages that stood out for various reasons — for example, Chatwin’s assertion that, “The function of an artist is to work for a) himself b) to leave something memorable, for the future, to shore up the ruins”, caused me to wonder whether “shore up the ruins” reflected an idea similar to that underlying The Ruins of the Moment.[1]

But one quotation struck me with a particular force. In a note to his wife Elizabeth, Chatwin mentions a consignment containing “...a number of highly precious possessions, including a dried chameleon and the eardrum of a lion”.

Although never intended for publication, that phrase seems to me to sum up much of the quality of Chatwin’s writing — the eccentric, particular noticing that recognises the importance of seemingly random and insignificant things; the awareness of the artefacts, qualities and ostensibly peripheral things that give places their substance and moments their flavour.

The phrase keeps working on me. Driving back from town early yesterday afternoon I kept thinking about the last sounds heard by that eardrum. The drip of blood from the body it shared onto the dusty ground? The gurgle of its ruined lungs? The approaching footsteps then the momentary explosion of sound before the silence of oblivion? I thought about all the sounds heard by that eardrum: the rasp of a mother lion’s tongue on a cub’s fur — the fur on its shared body? The giggling of gathering hyaenas; the roaring at night across savannah; the strangled choking of an impala as its eyes fail; the crack of bone and the knock of a dead dragged hoof against a miombo trunk? All that history, all those sounds, gone.

Who would remove and save the eardrum of a lion, and for what purpose?

The best purpose for the eardrum of a lion is indisputably to allow a lion, alive and wild, to hear. Everything else is at best ancillary. But perhaps, among all those ancillary purposes for this eardrum, the best is to have allowed Chatwin to recognise its significance so those who read his phrase could remember and wonder — not just about Chatwin, but a particular, now immortal lion.

Classics

Notes:
1. I did find it curious that Dalrymple quoted several features of the book that had been noted almost two months earlier in a shorter review by Olivia Lang in The New Statesman. (Dalrymple's review was published on 27 October; Lang's had been published on 7 September.) Coincidence? Cryptomnesia? Or were these the only stand-outs in an otherwise humdrum miscellania?

Photos:
1. This lioness was one of two hunting an impala at night in South Luangwa National Park, Zambia. She walked by our open jeep, so close she seemed almost within arm's reach.
2. My copies of the books.


Photos and original text © 2010 Pete McGregor

27 October 2010

The meaning of hawks and apples

The old apple tree grows more beautiful each day, its petals still tinged with pink as it approaches the peak of its flowering. On mornings like this, the light flat and grey, hazy with misty drizzle, the colours become more apparent yet they still retain a refined, subtle elegance, so different from the brash spectacular show of the same tree lit by sunlight against the dark hills, yet no less affecting. Yesterday a pale kahu cruised low over the edge of the terrace behind the apple; it banked steeply, dropping down to land out of sight in the channel of the old, abandoned road. The pale bird echoed the pale flowers; the coincidence of colour seemed no coincidence at all, as if through some ineffable communication bird and tree had conspired to reward me simply for noticing.

Many rationalists would rubbish this, I suspect. Coincidence and nothing more, they'd say; this talk of trees and birds conspiring is at best metaphor but more likely nonsense. I wonder. Of course they don't conspire (but note I said "as if" they conspired); however, to dismiss the metaphor as meaningless nonsense seems, well, irrational. I'm far from an expert on Wittgenstein, but when he said, "Whereof one cannot speak, thereof one must pass over in silence," [1] I'm pretty sure he wasn't saying everything that can't be expressed in words is meaningless, but that words — language, in other words — can't express everything meaningful.

Language does not merely describe and explain: it evokes, and sometimes the point of saying something is precisely to evoke a feeling rather than explain an event. Something heard (or read) can be felt as much as logically understood, and sometimes what's heard or read can be felt more than it can be logically understood. I’m no expert on T.S. Eliot, either, but this, I think, is what he meant when he coined the phrase "objective correlative". Moreover, feeling, in the sense of intuition or emotional response, and logic aren't mutually exclusive: both are approaches to understanding.

But I suspect the most important point is that meaning probably isn't inherent in any event; instead, it's conferred on the event by the observer or participant. As far as I’m aware, humans are the only animals able to invest an event with meaning [2]; perhaps, therefore, an important part of being human consists in the creation of meaning, and one of the functions of meaning is to engender respect and appreciation.

Meaning, too, cannot always be explained, even in theory — in fact, I suspect we understand the meaning of many events intuitively, and the attempt to explain what something means destroys the meaning. I've long noticed my own aversion to hearing someone say of a poem, "But what does it mean?" — a question that for most good poems is usually the least useful, most inappropriate question one could ask; a question second in pointlessness and potential destructiveness only to an attempt to answer it. As the poet Archibald MacLeish said so succinctly (and to my ear, unpoetically), “A poem should not mean/But be”.

So, I don't doubt the pale hawk circling the flowering apple on that grey morning had some kind of powerful meaning, but it too remains as ineffable as the metaphorical communication I alluded to. I can respect and appreciate it, but I can't explain it — certainly not in words. Forgive me for not passing over it in silence.

Notes:
[1] Proposition 7 of Wittgenstein's Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus.
[2] ...which might mean our understanding of the concept of meaning is as poor as our understanding of the consciousness of animals.

Photos:
1.Evening in the valley, from the edge of the terrace. 26 October 2010.
2. Adventitious shoots on one of the old poplars near the edge of the terrace.
3. A kahu's always somewhere nearby — not in this photo, but perhaps that's how it should be.

Photos and original text © 2009 Pete McGregor

18 October 2010

Beating the beast of procrastination in 666 days

The fire of change

Procrastination seems to be occupying my attention lately, not because I'm doing it more than usual — in fact, since beginning this post I've been better than usual at putting off procrastination — but because I've been wondering why I find it so difficult to overcome. The renewed interest arose partly from reading James Surowiecki’s article about procrastination in the New Yorker, but also because lately I've been trying harder to get important things done, promptly. I've also been motivated by disgust with myself over occasional wasted days (like the day before I began this post, when all I accomplished from my long list was to mail my local government voting paper — at the last minute, of course); so disgusted, in fact, that I've felt motivated to prove I'm actually not as hopeless as those days suggest. I've also been intrigued by a recent article about psychologist Ellen Langer, who describes herself as an "anticrastinator" and whose main thesis seems to focus on how mindset influences not just behaviour, but physical change.

That struck a chord with me. The suggestion that thoughts affect physiology as well as behaviour doesn't sound novel, but when she first proposed it she apparently met huge opposition — and still does from some quarters, probably with some justification given the problems with her modus operandi. But the essence of her argument has been said before, for thousands of years; it's been said by people like Buddha, Jesus, Marcus Aurelius, Kierkegaard, Gandhi and many other famous and sometimes wise people. In short — actually, in Buddha's words [1] — we are what we think; the corollary is that if we change what we think, we change who we are. If I think of myself as a procrastinator, I become a procrastinator (if I'm not already); if I think of myself as efficient, effective and productive, I become efficient, effective and productive. That’s the theory.

The problem is that the effect also works the other way: if I procrastinate, I think of myself as a procrastinator; the process is cyclical. As any procrastinator will confirm, it's also difficult to break the cycle. Pigeons at the Jama Masjid in New Delhi, November 2007Merely thinking of myself as efficient, effective and productive won't immediately effect the desired change, nor will just a few days of efficient, effective and productive behaviour. Ingrained patterns of thought and behaviour need persistent effort to change. Conversely, and ironically, the encouraging thought is identical: the process is cyclical, so working on thoughts and actions provides positive feedback — if I work well today this confirms my belief I work well, and if I believe I work well I'm more likely to to work well today.

It sounds easy, but it's not (ask the procrastinator). Procrastination's a habit, and recent research suggests the average time to form a simple habit is slightly more than two months (66 days, apparently). That's two months of near-daily practice. I suspect more complex habits take longer to form, and those that require changing an existing, complex habit will take even longer — given their intransigence, I suspect the average for changing these tasks will turn out to be 666 days. Procrastination’s that kind of beast.

So, I began thinking about how I might change from a chronic procrastinator to someone who gets the important things done — someone who seems comfortably on top of things. Two things seemed important, perhaps essential, for overcoming procrastination in the long term: to start small and to persist, because persistence is necessary and starting small makes persistence more likely. More specifically, I decided to work on five things:
  1. Replacing negative self-talk. I find it easy to lapse into thinking, "Here I go, procrastinating again," so when I catch myself thinking that, I replace it with a pre-prepared phrase —  currently, "I'm getting better at getting things done."
  2. Initially, completing just one important but comfortably achievable task a day.[2] After practising what I'm preaching, I've realised the important point is that the task should be something I don't have to do. For example, I'd booked an eye examination, so all I had to do was turn up for it; I could easily have procrastinated on booking the appointment, but making sure I turned up for it was largely out of my control; procrastination wasn't an issue. In short, I need to do things that could comfortably be delayed. The point at this stage is to succeed: succeeding when the tasks are difficult or unpleasant can come later, when I’m (even) better.
  3. Not worrying if I bomb out occasionally — the recent research mentioned above showed occasionally missing a day's practice, or even two days in a row, seemed not to affect the forming of the habit.
  4. Keeping a simple tally of how many days in a row I've succeeded. The sight of a long row of ticks, with only an occasional gap, must surely help confirm my belief I’m getting better at getting things done.
  5. Putting into practice the adage that the best form of self-control is to put yourself in a situation where self-control isn't necessary. I've forgotten where I read that recently, but it's brilliant — possibly the single most effective piece of advice I've heard on overcoming procrastination. When computer work’s involved, the obvious example is to disconnect from the Internet; the problem is the ease with which one can reconnect. Switching off the wireless adapter or modem isn't particularly effective because it's so easy to power them up again. The New Yorker article mentioned Freedom, a simple (cheap, not free) program that blocks Internet access for up to eight hours and requires a reboot to override, but I find working in the public library or a cafe, where I'd have to pay for a wireless connection, just as effective. At home, the temptation to check e-mail or look up a reference or simply visit a favourite blog or website can be much harder to resist, which is one of the reasons I like to write by hand, with a pen on paper, first thing in the morning. I don't turn the computer on until the writing's done. (That, at least, has become a habit).

But one of the best ways I've found to avoid the need for self-control is simply to set an alarm. I'd been procrastinating on an editing contract recently, but finally finished it in four hour-long sessions by setting an alarm to signal the start of each session. I set a warning alarm for 5–10 minutes beforehand, with the message, "Wrap up what you're doing".[3] Why did this work so well? My guess is that it provided an external imperative rather than requiring me to make a decision at the time; in other words, I'd already made the decision earlier, when it's easier to make these kinds of decisions (the New Yorker article explains that it's called "hyperbolic discounting", but it could be called "beans on toast" for all I care — the point is that it works). To have ignored the alarm would have taken a conscious decision on my part to sabotage my predetermined intention to start working. The warning alarm helped by disabling the excuse "I just need to finish this first" — as we know, those wrappings-up have a remarkable ability to turn into extended explorations of something we hadn't intended to explore. Instead, the warning gave me a short, predefined period to complete what I was doing. I found it enlightening to discover how quickly I could finish scanning my RSS feeds when I knew I had to start editing within five minutes.

So, this is my plan for turning myself from a procrastinator into a paragon of effectiveness, or at least into less of a hopeless case. Could these suggestions work for you? I don't know. They seem to make sense to me, they seem to be working for me, and they're backed by evidence, but I can't guarantee they'll work for anyone else. Moreover, I don't even know if they'll eventually work even for me — I'm still a long way short of even 66 days — but at least I've made a start. For an ex-procrastinator, that's a mighty big deal.



Notes:
1. “We are what we think. All that we are arises from our thoughts. With our thoughts we make the world.” Gautama Buddha, on Wikiquote, retrieved 18 October 2010. 
2. Finishing this post was my task for today. It's by no means the only thing I'll be doing, but anything else is extra.
3. I'm currently using the free version of TimeLeft, which only allows one alarm at a time (the paid version allows more). It's good enough for me; a bit fiddly to set up, but the warning alarm makes it worthwhile.

Photos:
1. In the Lotus Sutra’s Parable of the Burning House,  the house represents our day-to-day world; the fire, suffering. Escape from the burning house can be achieved. But a burning house, one of the most affecting of sights, can be seen as a metaphor in many other ways. (This was a local farmer’s way of dealing with a derelict house on his property, two years ago almost to the day).
2. As far as I know, pigeons and other animals don’t procrastinate. (At the Jama Masjid in New Delhi, just short of three years ago. A lot of water under the bridge since then.)
3. This clock is older than me. It’s right twice a day. Sometimes I’d be happy with an average as good as that.

Photos and original text © 2009 Pete McGregor

26 September 2010

The Spring wind

Clearing after the flood

Outside in the dark as the rain eases and stops, a sheep coughs. The barking has a note of desperation, as if the sheep's lungs have been choked with worms and the poor creature will asphyxiate if it fails to cough them up. As I listen I feel my own lungs beginning to wither and fail and I feel, too, the frightened sheep's sense of its own mortality.

This, of course, is my own fear projected onto the sheep, which, having coughed enough, begins to scratch itself on a verandah pile. Already, it has probably forgotten its fit of hacking.

...

The first stag cast both antlers nine days ago; today the other stag cast his. Without antlers the big animals seem odd, out of proportion, as if all that powerful body seems pointless, casting about for a purpose long gone. Already they'll be starting to grow new sets so six months from now, crowned once again, they can fight over the hinds.

The futility of this seems absurd, yet, in a sense, this is all there is — fail in the competition to leave progeny and you might as well never have existed. Perhaps this is why we, the evolutionary dead ends, the dinosaurs, write so desperately: so we won't be forgotten, so we might influence the world in which we will no longer live, so something of us might survive.

...

A cold wind knocks pink and white petals from the magnolia, scatters white clouds across a blue sky, piles them up over the ranges. Winter's casualties continue their slow collapse — one hind, skin stretched and cracking over disarticulating bones; a ewe or two sinking into the wriggling ground; somewhere the old cat in a place only he knows.

But the tree lucerne bustles with tauhou and the low roar of feeding bees. I walk on, down through the cutting, looking out over the valley, down to Te Awaoteatua Stream, its grey-trunked poplars already hung with yellow-green catkins. At the bridge I lean over the parapet and stare at the swift, shallow water. I think of Pooh sticks, but it's pointless now. I walk on, further than I'd intended; I walk on because my legs keep carrying me down the road in the pale, silvery light and cold wind; I walk on because I can't stop, can't make the decision to turn around. I want to walk on forever, out of the world.

But I stop at Tokeawa Stream and lean over again, gazing at the water rushing white over algal-brown boulders. I look down, remembering, and the water begins to mutter questions I can't quite make out.

After a long time I begin walking back up the quiet road.



Notes:
1. Various hypotheses have been proposed for the function of antlers (see Clutton-Brock, T. H. (1982). The functions of antlers. Behaviour, 79(2/4), 108–125), but why do red deer retain their antlers throughout the winter, i.e. for 4–5 months after the roar (rut; breeding/fighting season)?
2.Tree lucerne — tagasaste, Chamaecytisus palmensis.
3. Tauhou — the silvereye, Zosterops lateralis


Photos:
1. Boulders, Te Awaoteatua Stream.
2. Te Awaoteatua Stream running high after rain. "What might have been is an abstraction/Remaining a perpetual possibility/Only in a world of speculation." — T.S. Eliot, Four Quartets: Burnt Norton.

Photos and original text © 2010 Pete McGregor